科尔多瓦，阿根廷（Córdoba，Argentina）
- Maximus Nostramabus
- 1天前
- 讀畢需時 6 分鐘
一座废弃的学术城市 - 科尔多巴耶稣会牧场和街区 995；探戈 00258
什么和为什么
虽然殖民主义如今带有负面的帝国主义色彩，但它确实在建立地方文化秩序方面产生了重大的历史影响，科尔多瓦（西班牙语：Córdoba）就是一个很好的例子。在西班牙征服者（conquistador）的带领下，耶稣会于公元十六世纪末建立了这座城市，并在城内建立了现代教育、法律和社会行政体系（或者说是实验性的），并皈依了所有被称为 comechingón 的土著居民。这座城市被精心规划成一个被称为大庄园（estancia）的庄园。大庄园成为了一个庞大的宗教、政治、经济、法律和文化体系的典范。它展现了欧洲文化与美洲原住民文化的融合，以及非洲奴隶劳工在南美洲开创性时期的贡献。
科尔多瓦国立大学（Universidad Nacional de Córdoba）是阿根廷（Argentina）最古老的大学，科尔多瓦将永远是阿根廷文化和学术的灯塔。因此它被昵称为“学者（La Docta）“。
在科尔多瓦建城期间，耶稣会士采用矩形街区系统建造了这座城市，并开创了所谓的耶稣会街区（Manzana Jesuítica）。科尔多瓦也因其历史上的政治运动而闻名，这里聚集了大量自由派学生。耶稣会街区展现了欧洲与本土影响的精妙融合，正是这种融合定义了耶稣会的建筑和教学方法。因此，这个街区成为了科尔多瓦文化认同的核心，并包含了大多数重要的旅游地标。
地名
这座城市以城主妻子的名字命名，原名来自西班牙（España）的科尔多瓦（Córdoba）。而科尔多瓦则由著名自迦太基（布匿语：𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕）将军哈米尔卡・巴卡（布匿语：𐤇𐤌𐤋𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤁𐤓𐤒）命名为 Kartuba，这来自 Kart-Juba，意思是“朱巴城（Juba）”，以纪念一位在迦太基城市朱巴牺牲的指挥官。
See
National University of Córdoba (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)
The National University of Córdoba is an institution as it was the first thing the Jesuit built when they arrived in Córdoba in the 17th century CE, and marked the beginning of the history of higher education in Argentina. Clearly it used to be a seminary and later converted itself to a learnt institution. The university was originally created to train priests and scholars in theology, philosophy and Latin. It played a crucial role in the spread of education and scientific knowledge throughout the Spanish colonies. During the 19th and 20th centuries CE, the university became a centrer of political reform and student activism, most famously during the University Reform Movement of 1918 CE (Reforma Universitaria de 1918 CE), which advocated for academic freedom, secular education, and student participation in governance. This movement influenced university systems across the entire Latin America.
The university is a joy to visit as it oozes cultural and religious odour, I mean it really smells like a library. The particular highlight would be the chapel and the library.
The very old-fashioned library which smells like rotten newspaper..
The very majestic university chapel.
Cordoba Cathedral (Nuestra Señora de la Asunción)
The oldest Catholic church in Argentina, and built by local indigenous artisans, the Córdoba Cathedral (Nuestra Señora de la Asunción) is largely different from other cathedrals in Europe during the epoch, as it features Baroque façade and the neoclassical portico. The construction started as early as late 16th century CE and was only partially completed in early 18th century CE. This is the landmark of Córdoba.
Plaza San Martín
The central forum of the Cordoba together with the cathedral, the plaza serves as a congregation place for fellow Argentinians, especially doing tango. However what we witnessed was a large number of under-aged mothers with their children and young unemployed. In this sense, you can imagine the economic status of the nation.
José de San Martín y Matorras was the national hero of Argentina and Peru (Perú) and is commemorated in many plazas in South America, as he was the prime leader in South American struggle for independence from Spain (España).
Society of Jesus Church (Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús)
The oldest and living church in Argentina, frequently hosting concerts and chorals. The interesting part of this church is the vault of the inner nave which looks like a ship hull, symbolic of the Jesuit mission (reducciones), as blogged in San Ignacio. We attended a Christmas choral during our visit.
Los Capuchinos (Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón)
An extremely colourful cathedral established under the Franciscan order (Latin: Ordo Franciscanus), designed by the Italian architect Augusto Ferrari. The name derives from the Franciscan friars who used to cape themselves during religious ceremonies. Access to the top of the spire can give a panoramic view of the city. Highly recommended to visit.
The World (La Mundial)
The world's narrowest building, or a building with only a facade.
Outside Córdoba and located throughout the province there are other Jesuit estancias like Alta Gracia, Santa Catalina. These rural estates formed a self-sufficient network supporting the Jesuit missions, but we did not manage to visit them.
Travel Suggestions and Logistics
Córdoba is the second largest city in Argentina, and while it is worn down it is well connected with public transport. The Jesuit block can be easily walked around. I believe two or three days for the city is good. Naturally this will be a normal extension from visiting the capital Buenos Aires.
Travelling by air within the vast country of Argentina can be a clumsy matter: Almost all flights go via the Buenos Aires hub and it is not that easy to connect them by dots like other countries.
Córdoba is fairly modern, but it does not present itself as a safe city. During one of our dinners, we witnessed during broad daylight, gangsters walked in and extorted money from the restaurant, just like that, casually and incredibly courteously.
UNESCO Inscriptions
The Jesuit Block in Córdoba, heart of the former Jesuit Province of Paraguay, contains the core buildings of the Jesuit system: the university, the church and residence of the Society of Jesus, and the college. Along with the five estancias, or farming estates, they contain religious and secular buildings, which illustrate the unique religious, social, and economic experiment carried out in the world for a period of over 150 years in the 17th and 18th centuries.
The Argentinian and Uruguayan tradition of the Tango, now familiar around the world, was developed by the urban lower classes in Buenos Aires and Montevideo in the Rio de la Plata basin. Among this mix of European immigrants to the region, descendents of African slaves and the natives of the region known as criollos, a wide range of customs, beliefs and rituals were merged and transformed into a distinctive cultural identity. As one of the most recognizable embodiments of that identity, the music, dance and poetry of tango both embodies and encourages diversity and cultural dialogue. It is practised in the traditional dance halls of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, spreading the spirit of its community across the globe even as it adapts to new environments and changing times. That community today includes musicians, professional and amateur dancers, choreographers, composers, songwriters, teachers of the art and the national living treasures who embody the culture of tango. Tango is also incorporated into celebrations of national heritage in Argentina and Uruguay, reflecting the widespread embrace of this popular urban music.
References
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Please share your thoughts and comments about the blog. If you need suggestions to build a travel itinerary, please let me know. More than willing to help. I would also like to build a bespoke-in-depth travel community around UNESCO WHS and ICH.
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